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海水淡化反渗透膜技术的最新进展及其应用

作者：徐建国¹，尹华²

单位： 1同济大学环境科学与工程学院，上海，200093；2蓝星东丽膜科技(北京)有限公司，北京，101318

关键词：反渗透膜，海水淡化，低能耗，高通量，高脱盐，高脱硼

DOI号：

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2014,34(2):99-105

摘要：

反渗透膜（RO）技术是解决世界水危机问题的最有力的工具之一。反渗透膜法海水淡化过程中节能和高脱盐是需要满足的两个问题，然而产水特性与去除溶质之间存在背离平衡，同时满足会较为困难。东丽采用正电子湮灭时间光谱法（PALS）进行膜孔孔径分析，由此得出膜孔大小和RO膜对硼的去除特性显示出相关性。采用透视电子显微镜（TEM）进行RO膜表面构造和形态学分析，获得影响膜的透水性的参数。在上述研究成果的基础上，把分子设计技术应用于海水淡化的高性能RO膜的开发上，在RO膜溶质去除性和透水性相关方面都取得了很大的进展。同时使用这些研发成果开发了创新性海水反渗透膜，已经在全球最大的海水淡化项目（阿尔及利亚Magtaa， 500,000m3/d）和中国最大海水淡化项目（青岛，100,000m3/d）中得到应用。

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is one of the most effective technical to relief the global water crisis. Energy-saving and high desalination are two major challenges in seawater desalination by RO membrane; however, there is a departure from the balance between water production and solute removal. In Toray we use positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) to analysis the membrane pore, the results of the research show a good correlation of boron-removal between the membrane pore size and the RO membrane; and we also use transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analysis the surface of the RO membrane structure and morphological to gain the parameters affecting the membrane permeable. On the basis of the above results, Toray apply the molecular design technology in the development of seawater desalination RO membrane. We have made great progress in RO membrane solute removal and permeability. With all these research results, Toray develop a innovative RO membrane which is particularly suitable for seawater desalination . The membrane has been used in the world's largest seawater desalination project (Magtaa, 500,000 m3/d in Algeria) and Chinese largest seawater desalination project (Qingdao, 100,000 m3 /d).

基金项目：

作者简介：

徐建国（1983- ），男，安徽人，主要研究方向：膜法水处理技术。

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