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部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜的制备及油水分离性能研究

作者：张紫莹，肖芬，盛明鑫，董永全

单位： 1 重金属污染物控制与资源化国家地方联合工程研究中心南昌 330063 2 南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院，南昌 330063

关键词：油水分离；非溶剂致相转换-碳化；聚四氟乙烯；中空纤维膜

DOI号：

分类号： TQ028.4

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(1):45-55

摘要：

聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）是一种强疏水的氟碳材料，很难用相转化成膜。本文将PTFE粉体分散在聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）溶液中得到PTFE悬浮液，首先用干湿相转化法制得PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚；然后在氮气气氛下进行部分碳化，制得部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜。用热重分析法、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电镜研究了PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚的碳化工艺、膜碳化前后表面元素和微观结构变化情况；最后测试了膜的亲疏水变化和油水分离性能。结果表明：PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚中的PVDF在360-450℃时发生C-H断裂，PTFE保持原结构，可以得到部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜。经部分碳化工艺制得的中空纤维膜孔径减小，形成连续、完整的微孔结构。当PTFE含量为40%时，碳化后制得的膜接触角达到102°，疏水性提高；对10%的模拟含油废水的渗透通量达到30 L?m-2?h-1 (跨膜压差：0.1MPa)、分离效率达到80%，呈现出较好的油水分离性能和商业应用价值。

The hydrophobic fluorocarbon material, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poses challenges in film formation through phase conversion. In this work, a PTFE suspension was obtained by dispersing PTFE powder in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution. Firstly, the PTFE/PVDF hollow fiber membrane embryo was prepared using a dry and wet phase conversion method. Subsequently, partial carbonization of the PTFE/PVDF hollow fiber membrane was achieved under a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbonization process of the membrane embryo, surface element and microstructure changes before and after membrane carbonization was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the changes in hydrophilicity and oil-water separation performance were evaluated for the membrane. The results revealed that PVDF within the PTFE/PVDF hollow fiber membrane embryo underwent C-H fracture at 360-450℃ while partially carbonizing the membrane structure. This led to a reduction in pore size and formation of a continuous and complete microporous structure within the partially carbonized hollow fiber membranes. With 40% PTFE content, after carbonization, the contact angle of the film reached 102° indicating increased hydrophobicity. Moreover, when tested with simulated oil-bearing wastewater containing 10% oil content, these membranes exhibited an impressive permeation flux of 30 L?m-2?h-1 (Transmembrane differential pressure 0.1MPa) along with an efficient separation efficiency reaching up to 80%. These results highlight their promising potential for commercial applications in effective oil-water separation.

基金项目：

作者简介：

张紫莹（2000-），女，学生，江西萍乡人，硕士研究生，研究方向为膜法水处理方向，E-mail：1846384674@qq.com

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