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辽宁某海水淡化系统反渗透膜污染成因分析

作者：刘思雨，明红霞，任恺佳，郎咸龙，樊景凤

单位： 1.上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院，上海 200000；2.国家海洋环境监测中心，大连 116000；3.大连海洋大学大连 116000

关键词：海水淡化；反渗透膜污染；细菌；膜剖检

DOI号：

分类号： TQ 95

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(3):89-96

摘要：

膜污染已成为阻碍海水淡化反渗透系统正常运行的主要问题，辽宁某核电站海水淡化系统一级反渗透产水量下降，初步确定一级反渗透膜发生了污堵，且化学清洗效果不佳。为解析其污染的主要成因，本研究选取该核电站一级反渗透系统产水端的一支RO膜组件进行剖解，从物理化学和生物角度进行综合分析。通过FESEM分析揭示了非晶体基质污染层中嵌入了颗粒，表面可见微生物及生物膜结构。EDS检测到污染层中主要元素为C、N、O，此外，还含有少量的Al、Na、Ca，分析其污染以生物和有机污染为主，铝盐可与阻垢剂发生反应，形成胶状沉淀物，与SEM观察到的胶状污染物结果相吻合。FTIR光谱进一步确认污染层主要是多糖、蛋白质等生物代谢物，与SEM观察到的生物污染结果相吻合。结合可培养技术对生物污染进行进一步鉴定，确定其优势菌群为芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属，这两类菌均与反渗透膜污堵有关。建议有针对性地开展芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌等细菌的消杀，调整工艺中杀菌剂、絮凝剂及还原剂的种类和用量，研究可为海水淡化系统生物污染控制提供参考依据。

Membrane fouling has become a major problem hindering the normal operation of Seawater desalination reverse osmosis system, a nuclear power plant in Liaoning, seawater desalination system of the first-stage reverse osmosis water production decreased, initially determined that the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane fouling blockage, and the chemical cleaning effect is poor effect. To analyze the main causes of the fouling characteristics, this study selected an RO membrane module at the water production end of the primary reverse osmosis system of the nuclear power plant for autopsy and analyzed it comprehensively from the physicochemical and biological perspectives. FESEM analysis revealed that particles were embedded in the amorphous matrix fouling layer, and microorganisms and biofilm structures were visible on the surface. EDS detected that the main elements in the fouled layer were C, N, and O, in addition to a small amount of Al, Na, and Ca, and analyzed that the fouling was predominantly biological and organic, and that aluminum salts could react with scale inhibitors to form a colloidal precipitate, which was in agreement with the results of Colloidal fouling observed by SEM.FTIR analysis was performed to analyze the fouling in the RO membrane module. FTIR further confirmed that the fouling layer was mainly polysaccharides, proteins, and other biological metabolites, which coincided with the biofouling results observed by SEM. Further characterization of the biofouling in combination with culturable techniques identified the dominant bacterial groups as Bacillus and Pseudomonas, both of which are associated with reverse osmosis membrane fouling. The research can provide reference for biofouling control of seawater desalination system, it is suggested that the sterilization of Bacillus and Pseudomonas be carried out, and the kinds and dosages of bactericide, flocculant and reductant be adjusted.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划全球变化与应对专项（2020YFA0607600）

作者简介：

刘思雨（1996-1），女，河南漯河人，硕士研究生，研究方向为反渗透膜生物污染

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