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PVDF/SiC疏/亲水Janus复合膜的制备及其膜蒸馏处理酸性废水性能

作者：菅珂婕，方民锋，吴鑫，李隽，孙怡然，饶品华，李光辉

单位： 1.上海工程技术大学化学化工学院环境与资源创新中心，上海 201620；2.上海工程技术大学石油和化工行业碳化硅陶瓷膜重点实验室，上海 201620；3. 浙江膜通汇海科技发展有限公司，湖州 313000

关键词： Janus复合膜；碳化硅微滤膜；聚偏氟乙烯；非溶剂致相分离；直接接触式膜蒸馏；酸性废水

DOI号：

分类号： TQ028.3; TQ09; X703.1

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(4):157-169

摘要：

着眼于采用直接接触式膜蒸馏（DCMD）技术对酸性废水进行处理和资源再利用，针对传统蒸馏膜机械稳定性不高、通量低等问题，使用刮涂法和非溶剂致相分离（NIPS）法在亲水碳化硅（SiC）微滤膜表面构建疏水聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）多孔薄层，制备得到具有不对称润湿性的PVDF/SiC疏/亲水双层Janus复合膜，用于DCMD性能研究。使用N, N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）为溶剂，水-乙醇体系为非溶剂凝固浴，探究了制膜过程中PVDF铸膜液浓度、凝固浴成分、凝固浴温度等因素对PVDF层表面形貌和浸润性的影响，研究了复合膜在DCMD浓缩稀硫酸和处理模拟酸性矿山废水中的性能。结果表明，铸膜液中质量分数10% PVDF和纯乙醇凝固浴为最佳制膜条件，所得复合膜水接触角达140°，分离层孔隙率为45%，平均孔径为0.6 m，并且PVDF层与SiC基体结合力强。复合膜在DCMD浓缩质量分数10%(107 g/L)稀硫酸溶液和处理模拟酸性矿山废水实验中水的膜通量均达10 L/(m2?h)以上，对非水组分截留率近100%，并具有长期运行稳定性，表现出DCMD处理酸性废水的应用潜力。

This article focuses on the treatment and resource reuse of acidic wastewater using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) technology. In response to the problems of low mechanical stability and low flux of traditional distillation membranes, a hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous thin layer was constructed on the surface of hydrophilic silicon carbide (SiC) microfiltration membrane using tape casting and non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) methods, and a PVDF/SiC hydrophobic/hydrophilic bilayer Janus composite membrane with asymmetric wettability was prepared for the study of its performance in DCMD. Using N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent and a water-ethanol system as a non-solvent coagulation bath, the effects of factors during the membrane preparation process such as PVDF casting solution concentration, the coagulation bath composition, and the coagulation bath temperature on the surface morphology and wetting properties of the PVDF layer were investigated. The performance of the composite membrane in concentrating dilute sulfuric acid and treating synthetic mine drainage by DCMD were studied. The results show that the optimal fabrication conditions are 10% PVDF casting solution by weight and pure ethanol as coagulation bath. The resulting composite membrane had a water contact angle of 140°, a separation layer porosity of 45%, an average pore size of 0.6 μm, and a strong adhesion between the PVDF layer and the SiC support. Using the composite membrane in DCMD, the permeation flux of water in the concentration of 10% by weight (107 g/L) dilute sulfuric acid solution and the treatment of synthetic mine drainage both reached above 10 L/(m2?h), and the rejection rate of non-aqueous components both reached nearly 100% as well. It also showed long-term operational stability, demonstrating potential application for treating acidic wastewater by DCMD.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金青年项目（22306025）；上海市地方院校能力建设项目（21010501400）；上海市“科技创新行动计划”启明星项目（扬帆专项）（23YF1415400）。

作者简介：

菅珂婕（1998-），女，河南省商丘人，硕士研究生，研究方向为膜材料和膜分离技术；E-mail：18339186637@163.com

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