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基于纳滤技术的印染废水中碳酸钠和硫酸钠高效分离及回用染布研究

作者：李忠华¹，常娜²，陈董根³，谢厚鹏³，刘鹏³，王海涛¹

单位： 1. 天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300387； 2.天津工业大学化学工程与技术学院，天津 300387； 3. 浙江津膜环境科技有限公司，绍兴 312000

关键词：纳滤；分盐；碳酸钠；硫酸钠；回用染布

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.01.014

分类号： TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(1):129-136

摘要：

印染废水中高盐分的存在要求对其水及无机盐资源实行循环利用.其中，主要含盐组成为碳酸钠与硫酸钠.在常规废水处理流程中，硫酸钠的回收备受重视，而经济价值较高的碳酸钠回收却被忽略.本研究基于纳滤技术，针对混盐溶液与实际印染废水实施碳酸钠与硫酸钠的分离实验.通过pH值调节实现CO2-3和HCO-3的转化，纳滤工艺实现HCO-3与SO2-4分离，进而蒸发得到的固体盐回用于染布工序.实验表明，当溶液pH为8.1时，CO2-3转化为HCO-3的转化率最大，有利于纳滤分盐；进水压力小更有利于HCO-3的分离回收，混盐溶液中试试验分离盐效果明显，SO2-4被高效截留，HCO-3呈现负截留状态.印染废水分盐试验中，纳滤装置对SO2-4截留率可达97.58%，HCO-3截留率为-57.07%，分离度可达220，分盐效果显著.得到的固体碳酸钠和硫酸钠盐回用染布，染布色差均小于1.纳滤膜技术在处理印染废水及盐分资源回收方面展现出可行性，但后续仍需对工艺运行参数进一步优化与深入探究.

The existence of high salinity in printing and dyeing wastewater requires the recycling of water and inorganic salt resources. Among them, the main salt compositions are sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate. In the conventional wastewater treatment process, the recovery of sodium sulfate is highly valued, while the recovery of sodium carbonate with high economic value is neglected. In this study, based on nanofiltration technology, the separation experiment of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate was carried out for mixed salt solution and actual printing and dyeing wastewater. The conversion of CO2-3 and HCO-3 is realized by pH adjustment, and the separation of HCO-3 and SO2-4 is realized by nanofiltration process, and then the solid salt obtained by evaporation is reused in the dyeing process. The results show that when the pH value of the solution is 8.1, the conversion rate of CO2-3 to HCO-3 is the highest, which is beneficial to nanofiltration. The small influent pressure is more conducive to the separation and recovery of HCO-3. The effect of salt separation in the pilot test of mixed salt solution is obvious. SO2-4 is efficiently intercepted, and HCO-3 shows a negative interception state. In the salt separation test of printing and dyeing wastewater, the rejection rate of nanofiltration device to SO2-4 can reach 97.58%, the rejection rate of HCO-3 can reach-57.07%, and the separation degree can reach 220. The salt separation effect is remarkable. The obtained solid sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate were reused to dye the cloth, and the color difference of the dyed cloth was less than 1.Nanofiltration membrane technology shows feasibility in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater and salt resource recovery, but further optimization and in-depth exploration of process operation parameters are still needed.

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基金项目：

山东省重点研发计划项目（2022CXGC020416）；兵团科技计划项目（2023AB043）；浙江省重点研发计划项目（2024C03133）

作者简介：

李忠华（1998-），男，内蒙古呼伦贝尔人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为印染废水成分分析、工业废水处理.

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