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高盐有机废水超滤处理的膜污染机制和分离效果研究

作者：王远远，王仪，黄思怡，蔡玮玮

单位：北京理工大学化学与化工学院

关键词：高盐有机废水；超滤；膜污染；阴离子；有机污染物

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2024.06.004

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(6):26-36

摘要：

高盐有机废水处理是目前行业重点、难点问题，超滤技术已广泛应用于去除高盐有机废水中的有机污染物，但高盐环境下超滤膜污染的形成机制尚不清晰.本研究以腐殖酸（HA）和牛血清蛋白（BSA）为代表污染物，探究了NaCl、Na2SO4、Na3PO4高盐环境对超滤膜污染形成及有机物分离效果的影响.结果表明，由于Na+的静电屏蔽效应，HA和BSA表面电位和分子尺寸显著增大，而阴离子对于Na+屏蔽具有削弱作用，且阴离子价态越高，削弱作用越强.3种高盐环境均加剧了HA膜污染形成，而NaCl和Na2SO4减弱了BSA膜污染形成.膜污染层表面出现了大量块状颗粒，且随着阴离子价态升高，颗粒形态更规整、大小更均一.高盐环境下膜对有机污染物截留率显著下降，对于高盐有机废水处理产生不利影响.

The treatment of high-saline organic wastewater is currently a major and challenging issue in the industry. Ultrafiltration technology has been prevalently employed to remove organic pollutants from high-saline organic wastewater, while the mechanism of ultrafiltration membrane fouling formation under high salinity is not clarified. Humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as representative organic pollutants to investigate the influences of high-saline conditions of NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na3PO4 on the formation of membrane fouling and separation effectiveness of organic substances. The results showed that the zeta potential and molecular sizes of HA and BSA were increased significantly due to the Na+ electrostatic shielding effect. However, the anions weakened the shielding effect of Na+, with the stronger action exerted by the anions with higher valence state. All of the three high-saline conditions aggravated the formation of HA membrane fouling, while NaCl and Na2SO4 environments alleviated the membrane fouling formed by BSA. Substantial block-like particles appeared on the surface of membrane fouling layer, and the particle morphology tended to be more regular and uniform in size with the increased anion valence. The membrane rejection rates for organic pollutants decreased remarkably under high-saline environments, which indeed posed adverse impacts on the treatment of high-saline organic wastewater.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC2102203）

作者简介：

王远远（2001-），男，贵州毕节人，硕士研究生，研究方向为膜污染及其控制策略

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