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双极膜电渗析制备高浓度无机碱工艺研究

作者：孙旭，梁铣，吴亮

单位：中国科学技术大学

关键词：双极膜电渗析；双极膜；盐制酸碱；电流密度

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2024.06.012

分类号： TQ31

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(6):96-106

摘要：

双极膜电渗析（BPMED）过程中存在同离子泄漏、水迁移等问题，导致难以获得高浓度酸碱产品.本文采用三隔室型双极膜电渗析膜堆装置，以氯化钠溶液为原料，通过优化操作工艺实现高浓度碱产物的制备.对电流密度、膜面线速度、初始盐溶液浓度进行条件探究，以产出酸碱能达到的浓度最高时的电流效率、能耗、收率和产率为评价指标探寻最优实验条件.结果表明，在常规操作条件下，如电流密度50 mA/cm2、膜面线速度2.0 cm/s、初始原料室盐浓度1.5 mol/L时，双极膜产碱的电流效率为50%，能耗为1.68 kWh/kg NaOH，收率为0.41，产率为0.19 g/(cm2·h)，最高碱浓度为1.68 mol/L.为进一步提升产碱浓度，采取施加高电流密度同时提高原料室与酸碱室溶液初始体积比的方式制备高浓度酸碱，在100 mA/cm2电流密度条件下制得产品碱浓度最高达3.84 mol/L.随后采取溢流式饱和进料同时增大酸室初始料液体积的方法提升碱浓度，在80 mA/cm2电流密度条件下，制得产品碱浓度最高可达7.32 mol/L.以上结果凸显了通过BPMED工艺优化实现高浓度酸碱生产的潜力，可为实际工业应用提供研究基础.

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) is a promising method for producing acids and alkalis. However, the process is often hindered by co-ion leakage and water molecule migration, which complicates the attainment of high-concentration acid and alkali products. This study explored the optimization of operational parameters in a three-compartment BPMED reactor, using sodium chloride solution as the raw feed, without altering membrane performance. The research investigated the effects of current density, solution flow rate, and initial salt solution concentration on the BPMED process to identify optimal operating conditions. Key performance metrics such as current efficiency, energy consumption, and product yields were calculated at the highest achieved concentrations of acid and alkali. Under typical industrial conditions - specifically, a current density of 50 mA/cm2, a flow rate of 2.0 cm/s, and an initial salt concentration of 1.5 mol/L - the BPMED process demonstrated enhanced performance. The process achieved a current efficiency of 50%, an energy consumption of 1.68 kWh/kg NaOH, a yield of 0.41, a productivity of 0.19 g/(cm2·h), and a maximum alkali concentration of 1.68 mol/L. To further increase the alkali concentration, experimentation with a higher current density of 100 mA/cm2 was conducted, alongside an increase in the initial volume ratio between the raw feed chamber and the acid/alkali chambers. Under conditions ensuring stable BPMED operation, an alkali concentration of up to 3.84 mol/L was achieved. Subsequently, the alkali concentration was further augmented by integrating overflow-saturated solution injection and increasing the initial liquid volume of the acid chamber. Under conditions of 80 mA/cm2 current density, the maximum alkali concentration reached 7.32 mol/L. These findings highlight the potential for optimizing BPMED processes to achieve high-concentration acid and alkali production, providing valuable insights for industrial applications.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金项目（22261132518）

作者简介：

孙旭（1999-），男，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，研究方向为双极膜过程

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