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城镇净水厂A2OAMBR工艺关键膜污染组分识别及清洗

作者：匡科¹，孙伟¹，董嘉豪²，林达超²，王子源¹，杜星¹

单位： 1. 广州市净水有限公司，广州 510627; 2. 广东工业大学土木与交通工程学院，广州 510006

关键词：城镇净水厂；膜生物反应器；关键膜污染组分；维护性清洗；工艺优化

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.02.019

分类号： TQ028;TU991.2

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(2):162-172

摘要：

针对华南地区某污水厂A2OA-MBR 工艺实际运行中关键膜污染组分的识别及维护性清洗问题开展研究，构建3组不同污泥质量浓度（6 000、8 000和12 000 mg/L）的膜生物反应器，连续运行60 d期间定期进行膜清洗。结果表明，微生物新陈代谢过程中分泌的胞外有机物是膜丝表面的主要污染物，以蛋白类有机物为主。由于除磷药剂的投加，膜表面同时存在以磷酸铝络合物为代表的无机污染物。定期用次氯酸钠反洗可以利用氧化作用洗脱一部分可逆污染物，但不可逆污染仍然会逐渐积累，形成厚实的污染层。洗脱后的有机污垢重新溶解进膜池浓缩液中，并在实验过程中持续积累；当反洗液次氯酸钠质量浓度从200 mg/L提高至400 mg/L时，膜池多糖类及蛋白类物质浓度分别增加了42%及15%，同时加剧了膜组件出水中相关污染物的泄漏风险。在长期运行过程中，次氯酸钠对膜面污染物的清洗效果逐渐变弱，并随着反应器内活性污泥浓度的增加，清洗效果削弱程度越明显.膜清洗时需特别注意减少对系统功能性细菌的影响。

This study aims to identify the key components for membrane fouling and establish maintenance cleaning strategies for A2OA-MBR in sewage purification plants in southern China. Three membrane bioreactors with different sludge concentration (6 000, 8 000 and 12 000 mg/L) were established and then operated for 60 days. During filtration, membrane cleaning was regularly required. The results indicated that extracellular organic matters from microbial metabolism was the main foulants for membrane fouling, in which protein-like substances were dominant. Owing to the addition of coagulants, inorganic fouling (e.g. aluminum phosphate complexes) was also found in membrane fouling. Regular backwashing based on sodium hypochlorite could remove reversible membrane fouling by oxidation, but irreversible membrane fouling continuously accumulated, forming a dense fouling layer. The exfoliative reversible membrane fouling could be dissolved in concentrate and then accumulated during filtration. The concentration of polysaccharide-like and protein-like substances in concentrate was increased by 42% and 15% when the concentration of NaClO in cleaning solution was increased from 200 to 400 mg/L. With prolonging filtration time, the cleaning efficiency of sodium hypochlorite on membrane fouling was gradually weakened. Membrane fouling developed in bioreactors with more activated sludge was more likely to be removed. The negative influence of cleaning solution on functional bacteria in bioreactors should be avoided.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(52170070)

作者简介：

匡科（1972-），男，湖南祁东人，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为城镇净水技术

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