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有机无机复合纳滤膜的载体影响研究

作者：张月华¹，²，孙啸¹，陈献富¹，邱鸣慧¹，范益群¹

单位： 1. 南京工业大学化工学院，材料化学工程国家重点实验室，南京 211816； 2. 清源创新实验室，泉州 362801

关键词：

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.03.008

分类号： TQ051.893

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(3):78-87

摘要：

抗生素作为一种新型污染物，已经从医药废水中扩散到天然水，给水资源保护和水处理带来严峻挑战。截留分子量在200~1 000 的纳滤膜是去除废水中抗生素的理想选择。其中，以陶瓷膜为载体的有机无机复合纳滤膜具有良好的稳定性和耐压性，近年来备受关注。然而，陶瓷膜载体对界面聚合过程和分离层形成的影响规律尚不清楚，很大程度上限制了复合纳滤膜性能的提升。对此，本文系统研究了不同孔径(500、300、100、20和5 nm)陶瓷载体对复合纳滤膜性能的影响。研究表明，适当增加陶瓷载体孔径制备的聚酰胺网络结构相对松散，能够有效降低渗透阻力，提升复合纳滤膜渗透通量。其次，具有低表面粗糙度和窄孔径分布的陶瓷载体有助于制备得到完整无缺陷的分离层。最后，优选平均孔径为100 nm的氧化铝陶瓷膜作为载体，制备得到了高性能的有机无机复合纳滤膜，纯水渗透通量达141.2 L/（m2·h·MPa），对四环素的截留率超过98%，在抗生素废水的处理中展现了良好的应用前景。

Antibiotics, as a new type of pollutant, have been spread from pharmaceutical wastewater to natural water, posing a serious challenge to water conservation. Nanofiltration membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 200~2 000 is one of the most promising techniques for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater. Among them, the thin-film composite (TFC) membranes using ceramic membranes as support have attracted much attention in recent years due to their excellent stability and pressure resistance. However, the laws on how ceramic supports affect the polymerization process and the formation of separation layer is still uncleared. In this work, the ceramic membranes with different pore sizes of 500, 300，100, 20 and 5 nm was selected to investigate the important role of support. It was shown that the polyamide network structure prepared by appropriately increasing the pore size of ceramic support was relatively loose, resulting in the reduced transmission resistance and enhanced permeance. Secondly, the ceramic support with smoother surface and narrower pore size distribution is conductive to construct a complete and defective separation layer. Finally, the Al2O3 ceramic membrane with a pore size of 100 nm was preferred, and nanofiltration membranes with a pure water permeance of 141.2 L/（m2·h·MPa） and more than 98% rejection of tetracycline was prepared, showing prospects in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.

基金项目：

国家重点研发项目(2022YFB3805001); 清源创新实验室重大项目(00122003); 吉安市“揭榜挂帅”项目(pzzy-wtht-20220117014)

作者简介：

张月华(1997-)，女，河南三门峡人，博士研究生，主要从事膜分离材料的研究与应用

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