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基于PVA/EVOH/PEI三元共混体系阴离子交换膜的制备及其性能研究

作者：王中立¹，赵华²

单位： 1. 安徽职业技术学院环境与生命健康学院，合肥 230061; 2. 安徽建筑大学材料与化学工程学院，合肥 230009

关键词：酸回收；阴离子交换膜；聚乙烯醇；乙烯乙烯醇共聚物；聚乙烯亚胺

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.03.015

分类号： TQ021.4

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(3):145-154

摘要：

酸性废水排放会导致土壤和环境问题，因此有效处理酸性废水变得尤为重要。扩散渗析（DD）是处理酸性废水的重要方法，其核心在于阴离子交换膜（AEMs）的制备。本研究通过将聚乙烯醇（PVA）、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）和聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）混合，成功制备了一系列AEMs。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜等手段对膜的结构进行表征。并对其吸水率、溶胀率、热稳定性、化学稳定性和机械稳定性的性能进行测试。实验结果表明，所制备膜的酸渗析系数（UH+）范围从11.8到44.5×10-3 m/h。分离因子（S）值范围从23到57，均优于商业DF-120B（UH+为4×10-3 m/h，S为24.3）和DF-120（UH+为9×10-3 m/h，S为18）。本研究中所制备的膜在酸回收方面有着较好的应用前景。

The discharge of acidic wastewater poses significant threats to soil and environmental quality, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Among various methods, diffusion dialysis (DD) is an important method for treating acidic wastewater, and its core lies in the preparation of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). This study successfully prepared a series of AEMs by mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The structure of the membrane was characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In addition, its water absorption rate, swelling rate, thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability were tested. The experimental results showed that the acid dialysis coefficient (UH+) of the prepared membrane ranged from 11.8 to 44.5×10-3 m/h. The range of separation factor (S) values was from 23 to 57, all of which were superior to commercial DF-120B (UH+ is 4×10-3 m/h, S is 24.3) and DF-120 (UH+ is 9×10-3 m/h, S is 18). The membrane prepared in this study has good application prospects in acid recovery.

基金项目：

安徽省高校科研项目重大项目（2024AH040121, 2023AH040197）

作者简介：

王中立（1987-），男，安徽合肥人，副教授，硕士，研究方向为功能型高分子材料与应用

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