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有机溶剂反渗透膜的制备及性能研究

作者：杨倩，彭宇，王恩琳，孙宇琪，王冰，高学理，苏保卫

单位：中国海洋大学化学化工学院海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室，青岛 266100

关键词：有机溶剂反渗透膜；界面聚合；有机溶剂； 1-甲基咪唑

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.04.001

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(4):1-14

摘要：

精馏等基于相变的有机溶剂分离纯化过程能耗约占总分离能耗的80%，亟待开发一种绿色、高效的有机溶剂分离技术。有机溶剂反渗透（OSRO）技术是一种面向有机溶剂体系分离的无相变低能耗新兴膜分离技术，应用前景广阔，但目前OSRO膜通量极低。以自制的交联聚酰亚胺膜为基膜，利用界面聚合法，通过在水相单体溶液中添加1-甲基咪唑制备了具有良好分离性能的OSRO膜。最优条件下制备的OSRO膜TFC1-MI-0.3在3.0 MPa下，对三种纯溶剂（甲醇、乙腈和乙醇）的渗透通量分别为28.9、15.8和4.6 kg/(m2·h)；对质量分数5%甲基叔丁基醚（分子量88）/甲醇溶液中的甲基叔丁基醚和质量分数为5%正己烷（分子量86）/甲醇溶液中的正己烷的截留率均约92%，透过液中的甲醇质量分数均达到99.5%，可以实现具有共沸特性的二元有机溶剂混合体系的分离；且透过液的质量渗透通量分别达到19.4和20.1 kg/(m2·h)，与不添加1-甲基咪唑的基准膜相比，在保持选择性相当的同时其渗透性能约提升1倍。该最优膜在乙醇溶液中的切割分子量约为121。该膜浸泡在烃类、醇类、酯类、酮类等不同的有机溶剂中30天后，对NaCl的截留率变化幅度均小于2%，具有很好的应用前景。

The energy consumption of organic solvent separation and purification processes based on phase transition, such as distillation, accounts for about 80% of the total separation energy consumption. There is an urgent need to develop a green and efficient organic solvent separation technology. Organic solvent reverse osmosis (OSRO) technology is an emerging low-energy, phase-change-free membrane separation technology for the separation of organic solvent systems. However, the current OSRO membranes still suffer from low solvent permeability, which greatly hinders their industrial application. In this work, 1-methylimidazole was used as additive in the aqueous monomer solution to manipulate the interfacial polymerization process on crosslinked polyimide substrate membrane surface so as to construct a kind of OSRO membrane with better permeability to organic solvent. The results showed that for the OSRO membrane TFC1-MI-0.3 prepared under optimal conditions, the pure solvent permeate fluxes were 28.9, 15.8 and 4.6 kg/(m2·h) for the three pure solvents (methanol, acetonitrile and ethanol) at 3.0 MPa, respectively. The rejection of MTBE (molecular weight 88) in 5% MTBE/methanol solution and n-hexane in 5% n-hexane (molecular weight 86)/methanol solution were about 92%. The methanol concentration of the permeates reached 99.5%, which could achieve the separation of binary organic mixed systems with azeotropic characteristics. The methanol mass permeation fluxes of TFC1MI0.3 reached 19.4 and 20.1 kg/(m2·h), respectively, for the two solutions, which were approximately doubled that of the baseline OSRO membrane without 1-methylimidazole addition during the interfacial polymerization process. The molecular weight cut-off of TFC1MI0.3 in ethanol solution was about 121. After immersing TFC1-MI-0.3 in various organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and ketones for 30 days, the rejection of the membrane for NaCl varied less than 2%, which demonstrated a good application prospect.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金项目（22078310）

作者简介：

杨倩（2000-），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，研究方向为有机溶剂反渗透膜分离技术

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