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纳滤膜构效关系及其分盐条件优化研究

作者：王子旭¹，²，路宏伟³，喻慧³，彭博³，罗建泉²，万印华²，肖春艳¹，冯世超²

单位： 1. 河南理工大学资源环境学院，焦作 454003； 2. 中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，北京 100190； 3. 湖南澳维科技股份有限公司，株洲 412000

关键词：纳滤膜；构效关系； NaCl/Na2SO4分离；正交实验

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.04.008

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(4):77-85

摘要：

纳滤（NF）技术因其高能效和环境友好等优点，在工业高盐废水处理领域发挥着重要的作用。本研究选取了三种商业纳滤膜（XC-N、NF30、NF60）作为研究对象，研究了膜结构与分盐性能之间的关系，并通过正交实验确定了纳滤膜对混盐溶液的最佳分离条件。结果表明，三种纳滤膜的分离层均为半芳香族聚酰胺材质。其中，XC-N膜孔径最小、孔径分布最窄、表面负电荷密度最大，对本文研究的六种盐截留率均最高。混盐条件下，最佳分离条件为：采用XC-N膜，溶液pH值为7，混盐溶液质量浓度为10 000 mg/L，两种盐的质量比为1∶1，错流压力为0.3 MPa，流速为40 L/h。在此条件下，分离因子达到46.02。该研究结果不仅有助于指导高分离选择性纳滤膜设计和制备，并且为纳滤膜的工业应用提供了参考。

Nanofiltration (NF) technology plays an important role in the treatment of industrial high-salt wastewater due to its high energy efficiency and environmental benefits. In this study, three commercial nanofiltration membranes (XC-N, NF30 and NF60) were selected to investigate the relationship between membrane structure and salt separation performance, and the optimal separation conditions for mixed salt solutions were determined by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that all three membranes had a separation layer composed of semi-aromatic polyamide material. Among them, the XC-N membrane had the smallest pore size, the narrowest pore size distribution, the largest surface negative charge density, and the highest retention rate for all six salts studied in this paper. Under mixed-salt conditions, the optimal separation conditions were identified as follows: XC-N membrane, solution pH of 7, mixed-salt concentration of 10 000 mg/L, salt mass ratio of 1∶1, cross-flow pressure of 0.3 MPa, and a flow rate of 40 L/h. Under these conditions, the separation factor of NaCl/Na2SO4 reached 46.02. These findings not only provide valuable insights for the design and fabrication of NF membranes with high separation performance but also offer practical guidance for their industrial applications.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划 (2021YFC3201402)

作者简介：

王子旭（1996-)，男，天津人，硕士生，从事分离膜制备与应用研究

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