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疏水/亲油性烷基SiO2/PTFE膜制备与油水分离性能研究

作者：彭倩倩¹，²，郭春刚¹，常娜²，陈江荣¹，邵伟²，孙玮¹，王海涛³，刘国昌¹

单位： 1. 自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所，天津 300192; 2. 天津工业大学，化学工程与技术学院，天津 300387; 3. 天津工业大学，环境科学与工程学院，天津 300387

关键词：烷基SiO2； PTFE膜；疏水亲油；油水分离

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.04.011

分类号： TQ316.6

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(4):104-112

摘要：

采用透油截水原理实现油水混合液或油水乳液的高效分离，需要制备超疏水/亲油性分离膜。利用真空抽滤法，将自制的烷基SiO2以浸涂液形式沉积于聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜，制得疏水/亲油性SiO2/PTFE膜（SP膜），并对SP膜的膜表面性能、油水分离性能进行了测试。结果表明，经烷基SiO2改性后的PTFE膜表面形成了微纳米粗糙结构，膜疏水/亲油性提升。当烷基SiO2沉积量为1 956 mg/m2时，其水接触角可达154°，油滴1 s内完全渗透。SP膜对正十六烷/水混合液的分离效率以及渗透通量随着油比例的提升而增大，油水质量比为3∶1时，对正十六烷分离效率98.31%，渗透通量（-0.09 MPa）为992 L/(m2·h)；对正己烷/水、正癸烷/水、正十六烷/水以及Isopar G/水混合液的分离效率均达到98%以上，渗透通量（-0.09 MPa）分别为2 574、1 781、992和3 007 L/(m2·h)；对正己烷、正十六烷油包水乳液的分离效率达到97%以上，渗透通量（-0.09 MPa）分别为512和230 L/(m2·h)。SP膜油水和乳液分离所得油相含水率均小于0.01%，10个周期循环使用后，SP膜对正十六烷/水混合液分离效率仍保持在96%以上、渗透通量衰减率小于7%，显示出优异的油水分离性能。

To achieve highly efficient separation of oil-water mixtures or oil-water emulsions with the principle of permitting oil passage while blocking water, it is necessary to prepare a superhydrophobic/lipophilic separation membrane. A hydrophobic/lipophilic SiO2/PTFE (SP) membrane was fabricated by depositing a self-synthesized alkyl SiO2 impregnating solution onto a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate via vacuum filtration. The surface characteristics and oil-water separation performance of the SP membrane were systematically investigated. Results revealed that the alkyl SiO2-modified PTFE membrane exhibited a micro-nano hierarchical rough structure, which significantly enhanced its hydrophobicity and lipophilicity. At an alkyl SiO2 deposition amount of 1 956 mg/m2, the membrane achieved a water contact angle of 154°, with oil droplets fully permeating within 1 second. The SP membrane demonstrated enhanced separation efficiency and permeation flux when processing n-hexadecane/water mixtures as the oil concentration increased. At an oil-water ratio of 3∶1(quality ratio), the separation efficiency for n-hexadecane reached 98.31%, with a permeation flux (-0.09 MPa) of 992 L/(m2·h). For various mixtures, including n-hexane/water, n-decane/water, n-hexadecane/water, and Isopar G/water, the separation efficiencies of SP membrane exceeded 98%. The corresponding permeation fluxes (-0.09 MPa) are 2 574, 1 781, 992, and 3 007 L/(m2·h), respectively. Additionally, when handling n-hexane and n-hexadecane oil-in-water emulsions, the separation efficiencies of SP membrane maintained above 97%, with permeation fluxes (-0.09 MPa) of 512 and 230 L/(m2·h), respectively. The water content in the oil phase obtained through oil-water or emulsion separation using the SP membrane was below 0.01%. After undergoing 10 usage cycles, the SP membrane retained a separation efficiency greater than 96% for n-hexadecane/water mixtures, with a permeation flux attenuation rate of less than 7%, showcasing outstanding oil-water separation capabilities.

基金项目：

中央级公益性科研院所基金（K-JBYWF-2024-QR-04，K-JBYWF-2024-ZT02，K-JBYWF-2022-T01）

作者简介：

彭倩倩（2000-），女，四川资阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为多孔膜制备与改性技术

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