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碳基太阳能海水淡化复合膜的设计及其性能研究

作者：郭艳艳¹，宋程燕¹，苏海建²，李媛欣¹，马准¹，³

单位： 1. 山东科技大学化学与生物工程学院，青岛 266590； 2. 山东中烟工业有限责任公司，青岛 266100； 3. 泉州师范学院化工与材料学院，泉州 362000

关键词：界面蒸发；海水淡化；碳基材料；聚偏二氟乙烯复合膜；光热转换

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.04.014

分类号： TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(4):133-142

摘要：

随着全球淡水资源短缺问题的日益严峻，太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术因其高效性与环保性成为海水淡化领域的研究热点。本文提出基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的Janus结构设计，通过化学改性、真空抽滤与涂覆工艺制备了聚偏二氟乙烯-炭黑-聚二甲基硅氧烷(PVDF-CB-PDMS)复合光热膜。系统研究了炭黑(CB)用量、PVDF膜浸泡时间及聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)用量对蒸发速率的影响，并通过响应面分析法优化得到最佳工艺条件：炭黑用量0.51 g、#PVDF膜浸泡时间19.7 min、PDMS用量0.20 g。在此条件下，界面光热蒸发速率预测值为2.87 kg/(m2·h)，实验值为2.87 kg/(m2·h)，二者高度吻合。微观表征显示，炭黑的均匀分散显著提升了光吸收率(＞99%)，而PDMS疏水层有效抑制了盐分结晶。本研究为低成本、高稳定性太阳能海水淡化膜的开发提供了理论支持。

With the increasingly severe shortage of freshwater resources around the world, solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has become a research hotspot in the field of seawater desalination due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In this paper, the Janus structure design based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was proposed, and the composite photothermal membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride-carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane (PVDF-CB-PDMS) was prepared by chemical modification, vacuum filtration and coating process. The effects of the amount of carbon black (CB), the soaking time of PVDF membrane and the amount of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the evaporation rate were systematically investigated, and the optimal conditions were optimized by response surface analysis: the amount of carbon black was 0.51 g, the soaking time of #PVDF membrane was 19.7 min, and the amount of PDMS was 0.20 g. The predicted interfacial photothermal evaporation rate was 2.87 kg/(m2·h）, and the experimental value was 2.87 kg/(m2·h）, which were in high agreement. Microscopic characterization showed that the uniform dispersion of carbon black significantly enhanced the light absorption (>99%), while the PDMS hydrophobic layer effectively inhibited salt crystallization. This paper provides theoretical support for the development of low-cost and high-stability solar desalination membranes.

基金项目：

山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MB118)

作者简介：

郭艳艳(1998-)，女，山东平度人，硕士研究生，研究方向为新型膜材料的开发与性能

参考文献：

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