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超亲水聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能研究

作者：赵静钰¹，贾丰玮¹，张瑛洁¹，²，程喜全¹，²，王凯¹，²

单位： 1. 哈尔滨工业大学（威海）海洋科学与技术学院，威海 264209； 2. 山东中欧膜技术研究有限公司，威海 264209

关键词：超亲水；纳米纤维膜；油水分离；静电纺丝

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.04.017

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(4):162-172

摘要：

膜分离技术作为一种高效的含油废水处理方法，在油水分离领域展现出显著优势。然而，该技术的规模化应用受到膜材料性能的限制，主要体现在渗透通量不足和抗污染性能欠佳等方面。本研究采用静电纺丝技术制备出聚酰亚胺（PI）纳米纤维膜，然后涂覆γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）和多巴胺（DA）制得超亲水纳米纤维膜，用于水包油乳液的超快分离。实验结果显示，通过表面亲水改性及表面涂覆KH-550的方法，可有效协同构筑具有微纳米亲水结构的超亲水聚酰亚胺纳米油水分离膜。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、接触角测量仪（CA）等表征手段，详细分析了膜的表面形貌、化学组成及润湿性能，验证了其超亲水特性。经测试改性后的膜接触角为(8±1) °，并具有优异的抗污染性能，水下油接触角为(155±1) °，水滴通过膜的时间在0.5 s以内。膜的水通量为18 705 L/(m2·h·MPa)，对正辛烷乳液的油水分离效率达到了99.4%，实现了优良的超亲水性能，在水包油乳液中实现油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Membrane separation technology, as an efficient method for treating oily wastewater, has shown significant advantages in the field of oil-water separation. However, the large-scale application of this technology is limited by the performance of membrane materials, mainly manifested in insufficient permeation flux and poor anti-pollution performance. In this paper, polyimide (PI) nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning technology, and then coated with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH550) and dopamine to obtain superhydrophilic nanofiber membranes for ultrafast separation of oil-in-water emulsions. The experimental results showed that through surface hydrophilic modification and surface coating with KH550, superhydrophilic polyimide nanofiber oil-water separation membranes with micro-nano hydrophilic structures could be effectively constructed. The surface morphology, chemical composition and wetting properties of the membrane were analyzed in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle meter (CA) and other characterization methods, verifying its superhydrophilic characteristics. The contact angle of the modified membrane was 8°±1°, and it had excellent anti-pollution performance, with an underwater oil contact angle of 155°±1° and a water droplet passing time through the membrane within 0.5 s. The water flux of the membrane was 18 705 L/(m2·h·MPa), and the oil-water separation efficiency for n-octane emulsion reached 99.4%, achieving excellent superhydrophilic performance and showing strong application prospects in the separation of oil-in-water emulsions.

基金项目：

山东省重点研发计划（竞争性创新平台）项目（2023CXPT068）

作者简介：

赵静钰（1999-），女，云南蒙自人，硕士研究生，主要从事纳米纤维膜制备及性能研究

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