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正渗透技术浓缩苹果汁的工艺研究

作者：薛健，金丽梅，孟令伟，孙清瑞，隋世有，蒲娜娜，张建强

单位： . 黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院，大庆 163319； 2. 黑龙江省农产品加工工程技术研究中心，大庆 163319； 3. 国家杂粮工程技术中心，大庆 163319； 4. 黑龙江八一农垦大学图书馆，大庆 163319

关键词：正渗透膜；两性离子；苹果汁；浓缩；膜清洗

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.05.014

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(5):143-152

摘要：

正渗透（FO）技术浓缩果汁具有能耗低且能有效保留果汁中营养成分和香气等优势。本研究以苹果汁为原料，在单因素实验的基础上开展Box-Behnken响应面实验，考察了汲取液种类和组分、料液流速、温度对FO浓缩过程中膜通量和反向溶质通量的影响，进行了工艺参数优化，并对比研究了不同化学清洗对膜通量恢复率的影响。结果表明：当使用苹果汁为原料液时，较优的FO浓缩工艺为：以葡萄糖和柠檬酸钾（体积比3∶1）混合溶液作为汲取液，料液流速为12 L/h，温度为27 ℃，此时膜通量为6.938 L/(m2·h)，反向溶质通量为0.235 mol/(m2·h)。采用NaOH、NaClO、柠檬酸等化学清洗效果较好，其中5%(质量分数)柠檬酸对苹果汁污染膜清洗效果最佳，此时膜通量恢复率为83.67%。本研究旨在为FO技术在果汁浓缩领域的应用提供技术参考。

Forward osmosis (FO) technology has the advantages of low energy consumption and effective retention of nutrients and aroma in fruit juice. In this article, a Box-Behnken response surface experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of draw solution type and composition, feed solution flow rate, and temperature on membrane flux and reverse solute diffusion flux during FO concentration based on single-factor experiments with apple juice as raw material. Process parameters were optimized, and the effects of different chemical cleaning methods on membrane flux recovery rate were compared. The results showed that when apple juice was used as the feed solution, the optimal FO concentration process was as follows: a mixed solution of glucose and potassium citrate (volume ratio 3∶1) was used as the draw solution, the feed solution flow rate was 12 L/h, and the temperature was 27 ℃. At this time, the membrane flux was 6.938 L/(m2·h), and the reverse solute diffusion flux was 0.235 mol/(m2·h). Chemical cleaning with NaOH, NaClO and citric acid had good effects, among which 5% (mass fraction) citric acid had the best cleaning effect on the apple juice-contaminated membrane, with a membrane flux recovery rate of 83.67%. This article aims to provide technical references for the application of FO technology in the field of fruit juice concentration.

基金项目：

黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2023B019）

作者简介：

薛健（1999-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为农产品加工及贮藏

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