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固相介质投加对MBR膜污染及微生物群落的影响

作者：吴伟，李明，张鹏飞，高菲，吴炜

单位： 1. 合肥市水务环境建设投资有限公司，合肥 230000； 2. 天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300387； 3. 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司，上海 200092

关键词：膜生物反应器（MBR）；膜污染；固相介质；微生物群落；膜面剪切力

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.05.015

分类号： TQ028; X703

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(5):153-161

摘要：

膜生物反应器（MBR）在污水处理中应用广泛，但膜污染制约其长期稳定运行。本研究创新性地将光纤布拉格光栅技术（FBG）引入MBR流场，系统探究活性炭、聚乙烯醇（PVA）海绵和二氧化硅三种介质对反应器流场特性及群落演替的作用机制。结果表明,提升曝气强度显著增强三种介质表面的流场剪切力，其中PVA海绵因三维网状结构使通量提升最显著，活性炭颗粒与二氧化硅次之。PVA海绵为微生物提供适宜附着位点，可显著提升胞内酶活性，而活性炭颗粒与二氧化硅对酶活性提升作用有限。活性炭加速污染降解菌群增殖，PVA海绵驱动微生物成膜化以减少生物产物沉积，二氧化硅则依赖剪切力控制污染，对群落结构影响微弱。本研究为优化MBR膜污染控制策略提供了理论依据.

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is widely used in wastewater treatment, but membrane fouling restricts their long-term stable operation. This study innovatively introduced fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology into the MBR flow field, and systematically explored the action mechanisms of three media, namely activated carbon, PVA sponge and silica, on the flow field characteristics and community succession of the reactor. The results showed that increasing aeration intensity significantly enhanced the flow field shear force on the surface of the three media. Among them, the PVA sponge, due to its three-dimensional network structure, led to the most significant increase in flux, followed by activated carbon particles and silica. The PVA sponge provided suitable attachment sites for microorganisms, which could significantly improve intracellular enzyme activity, while activated carbon particles and silica had limited effects on enhancing enzyme activity. Activated carbon accelerated the proliferation of pollution-degrading microbial communities; the PVA sponge drove the film formation of microorganisms to reduce the deposition of biological products; silica controlled pollution relying on shear force and had a weak impact on the community structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing MBR membrane fouling control strategies.

基金项目：

上海市“科技行动计划”国际合作课题资助项目（22230730300）

作者简介：

吴伟（1985-），男，湖北天门人，工程师，研究方向为污水处理与资源化

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