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混合电荷纳滤膜的锂镁分离性能研究

作者：齐婷，位笑娜，钟璟

单位：常州大学石油化工学院，常州 213164

关键词：混合电荷膜；锂镁分离；纳滤膜；聚酰胺；界面聚合

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.06.002

分类号： TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(6):13-25

摘要：

随着锂基能源需求的快速增长，高镁锂比盐湖卤水中锂镁的高效分离备受关注。纳滤膜依据孔径筛分和道南排斥效应成为锂镁分离的重要途径，然而单电荷纳滤膜对锂镁离子的分离选择性普遍较低。本研究采用顺序界面聚合策略，成功构筑了具有非对称电荷分布的混合电荷纳滤膜（PEI/PIP-PA与PIP/PEI-PA）。结果表明，混合电荷结构可协同提升锂镁分离性能，两种混合电荷膜对MgCl2的截留率均超过96.0%，其Li+/Mg2+选择性（PEI/PIP-PA: 59.7；PIP/PEI-PA: 41.1）显著优于单电荷PIP-PA膜（9.2）。其中，PIP/PEI-PA膜展现出优异的Li+渗透性，并在长期运行中保持稳定性能。经二级纳滤工艺处理，该膜将高镁锂比盐湖卤水模拟液（Mg2+/Li+质量比为63）中的Mg2+/Li+质量比显著降至0.28，展现出良好的应用潜力。本研究为开发高性能锂镁分离纳滤膜提供了新思路。

Abstract: With the rapid growth of lithium-based energy demand, the efficient separation of lithium and magnesium in salt lake brines with high Mg2+/Li+ ratios has attracted significant attention. Nanofiltrationmembranes, leveraging size exclusion and Donnan exclusion effects, have emerged as a promising approach for Li+/Mg2+ separation. However, conventional single-charged nanofiltration membranes generally exhibit low selectivity for Li+/Mg2+ separation. In this study, mix-charged nanofiltration membranes with asymmetric charge distribution (PEI/PIP-PA and PIP/PEI-PA) were successfully constructed via sequential interfacial polymerization. The results demonstrated that the mix-charged structure synergistically enhanced Li+/Mg2+ separation performance. Both mix-charged membranes achieved MgCl2 rejection exceeding 96.0%, with Li+/Mg2+ selectivity values of 59.7 for PEI/PIP-PA and 41.1 for PIP/PEI-PA, significantly superior to that of the single-charged PIP-PA membrane (9.2). Notably, the PIP/PEI-PA membrane exhibited excellent Li+ permeability and maintained stable performance during long-term operation. Through a two-stage nanofiltration process, the Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio in the simulated high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brine (Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio 63) was significantly reduced to 0.28, demonstrating strong application potential. This study provides a new strategy for developing high-performance nanofiltration membranes for Li+/Mg2+ separation.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金项目（22508021）; 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20240973）

作者简介：

齐婷（1995-），女，安徽铜陵人，讲师，博士，主要从事膜材料与膜分离研究

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