膜科学与技术

燃煤电厂脱硫废水超滤预处理过程及其膜污染动态演变机制研究

作者：吴伟涛，桂双林，张道华，付嘉琦，陈涛，王一雯，郑利兵，魏源送

单位： 1. 南昌大学资源与环境学院，鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室，南昌 330047； 2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心，水污染控制实验室，北京 100085； 3. 江西省科学院能源研究所，南昌 330096； 4. 江西省碳中和研究中心，南昌 330096； 5. KU Leuven, Leuven 3001

关键词：脱硫废水；超滤；通量衰减； Hermia模型；膜污染

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.06.017

分类号： X703.1；TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(6):155-165

摘要：

脱硫废水中悬浮物的高效稳定去除是燃煤电厂废水零排放的关键难题。本研究采用超滤(UF)去除脱硫废水中的悬浮物，探讨膜孔径和材料对分离性能的影响，重点解析膜通量衰减及膜污染演变过程。研究结果表明，不同类型UF膜均可通过形成滤饼层高效截留悬浮物，截留率在99%以上。但膜孔径和材料会显著影响膜通量衰减过程，初始通量增加将加速通量衰减，并影响膜污染形成机制。Hermia模型分析表明，UF初期膜污染以中间堵塞为主，其后逐渐转为滤饼层控制。膜孔径增大会延迟这一转变时间，其核心原因是大孔径的膜在运行初期更多颗粒物进入膜孔内部，因此延缓了滤饼层形成的时间。膜材料显著影响初期污染机制及后续转变过程：初期污染PES膜以完全堵塞为主，PS和PVDF膜则是以中间堵塞为主，而PAN膜则经历标准堵塞→中间堵塞→滤饼模型的三步演变。本研究解析了UF过程膜通量衰减的关键机制，为脱硫废水的UF过程提供了理论支撑

The efficient and stable removal of suspended solids (SS) from desulfurization wastewater is a critical challenge for achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of coal-fired power plants. In this study, ultrafiltration (UF) was employed to remove SS from the desulfurization wastewater, and the effects of membrane pore size and material on the separation performance were systematically investigated, with a focus on the flux decline and the dynamic evolution of membrane fouling. It was found that all UF membranes achieved high SS rejection (>99%) through cake layer formation, demonstrating the potential of UF in desulfurization wastewater treatment. However, the pore size and material significantly influenced the flux decline process. Increasing the initial flux would lead to a rapid flux decline and significantly influence the fouling layer formation process. Hermia model revealed a two-stage transition in fouling mechanism in UF: the intermediate blocking was the leading mechanism at the beginning, which turned to cake layer filtration in the final stage due to the accumulation of SS. The transition stage was delayed for membrane with larger pores, which was attributed to the more particles accumulated into the membrane pores before cake layer formation for the low rejection and high flux. Meanwhile, membrane material also influenced both the initial fouling mechanism and the subsequent transition: complete pore blocking was the main mechanism for PES membrane, and intermediate blocking was the main mechanism for PVDF and PS membranes. What also worth noting is that the PAN membrane underwent a three-stage fouling mechanism transition from standard blocking to intermediate blocking, and followed by cake layer model at the last stage. This study reveals the dynamic fouling and flux decline mechanism in UF process, which can provide theoretical supports for the application of UF in desulfurization wastewater.

基金项目：

江西省科学院省级财政科研项目经费包干制试点示范项(2023YSBG10004)；北京市科技新星项目(20240484679)；江西省科学院省级科研院基础研究与人才类科研经费项目(2022YYBG18)

作者简介：

吴伟涛 (2001-) ，男，江西抚州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为膜法水处理技术.

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