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侧链型阴离子交换膜改性研究进展

作者：袁坤坤，廖德祥，袁方朕，冯经淞，杨帆，韩梦婷，陈强

单位：上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院，上海 201306

关键词：侧链型AEMs；脂肪烃；含醚键；咪唑型；微相分离

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.06.018

分类号： TQ021.4； TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(6):166-173

摘要：

侧链型阴离子交换膜（AEMs）因其可调控的亲疏水微相分离结构和稳定性，在电解水、海水淡化及离子分离等领域广泛应用。本文聚焦于侧链型AEMs，综述了近年来脂肪烃、含醚键及芳香烃侧链AEMs的最新进展，重点分析了季铵盐、咪唑、螺环铵盐等侧链结构对膜性能的影响机制，通过调控烷基链长度、醚键引入、交联结构等以优化膜的亲疏水微相分离、离子传输通道及化学稳定性等。侧链工程能有效协同优化AEMs的离子交换容量（IEC）、电导率与长期稳定性等，其中咪唑型结构在高腐蚀性环境中展现突出的稳定性，在海水制氢、氯碱等工业有较强的应用前景。本综述旨在为设计具有长期稳定性和高分离性能的侧链型阴离子交换膜提供思路和指导。

Side-chain type anion exchange membranes（AEMs）have been widely applied in fields such as water electrolysise，seawater desalination，and ion separation due to their controllable hydrophilic-hydrophobic microphase separation structure and stability．This article focuses on side-chain type AEMs and reviews the latest progress of AEMs with aliphatic hydrocarbons，contains ether bonds，and aromatic hydrocarbons side chains in recent years．It particularly analyzes the influence mechanisms of side chain structures such as quaternary ammonium salts，imidazolium salts，and spiroammonium salts on membrane performance．By regulating the alkyl chain length，introducing ether bonds，and cross-linked structure，the hydrophilic-hydrophobic microphase separation，ion transport channels，and chemical stability of the membranes can be optimized．Side-chain engineering can effectively and synergistically optimize the ion exchange capacity（IEC），conductivity，and long-term stability of AEMs．Among them，the imidazolium salt structure shows outstanding stability in highly corrosive environments and has strong application prospects in industries such as seawater hydrogen production and chlor-alkali．This review aims to provide ideas and guidance for the design of side-chain type anion exchange membranes with long-term stability and high separation performance．

基金项目：

作者简介：

袁坤坤（1999-），男，安徽阜阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为阴离子交换膜.

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