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两亲聚合物锂盐改性锂电池隔膜的制备及性能

作者：徐艳艳，赵自豪，王刘建，朱子然，潘乐亦，黄政，张宇杰，朱立恒，朱宝库

单位：浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系，膜与水处理技术教育部工程研究中心，功能高分子国际研究中心，杭州 310058

关键词：两亲聚酯纳米粒子；聚合物锂盐；隔膜；锂电池；锂枝晶

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.01.001

分类号： TQ028； TM912

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026,46(1):1-10

摘要：

聚烯烃隔膜是锂离子电池（LIB）的关键材料，电解液相容性差、热稳定性低及孔径不均匀是聚烯烃隔膜存在的主要问题。隔膜涂覆改性是解决这些问题的主要方法。为了得到高效、环保、低成本的聚烯烃隔膜涂层新材料，本研究设计合成了一种水相分散的两亲聚酯聚合物纳米粒子锂盐（APNL），并通过水相涂覆法将APNL沉积到聚丙烯（PP）隔膜的表面，制备了两亲聚合物锂盐改性隔膜（APNL@PP）。研究发现，APNL提高了隔膜的锂离子电导率，改善了隔膜与电极界面的相容性，有效降低界面处锂离子的传输阻力，促进锂离子在锂负极表面的均匀沉积，抑制锂枝晶的生长。由APNL@PP-1隔膜组装的LiFePO4/Li模型的电池，1 C下循环200圈后容量保留率为80.0%；组装的NCM811/Li电池，1 C下循环50圈后容量保留率在94.76%，均显著高于未改性的隔膜，表明APNL@PP隔膜提高了电池的循环稳定性。

Polyolefin separators are critical materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, polyolefin separators exhibit intrinsic drawbacks such as poor electrolyte compatibility, low thermal stability and uneven pore structures. Surface-coating modifications of the separator are widely used to address these issues. In order to obtain efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost polyolefin separator coating materials, this study prepared a novel lithium salt of amphiphilic polyester polymer nanoparticle (APNL) and applied it to the surface of polypropylene (PP) separators using an aqueous-based coating method. The composition and properties of modified separators (APNL@PP) were investigated. The APNL coating could improve the ionic conductivity of the separator, enhance the compatibility of the separator/electrode interfaces, effectively reduce the resistance during the transport of lithium ions, promote uniform deposition of lithium ions on the lithium electrode, and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the LFP/Li battery assembled with the APNL@PP-1 separator maintained a capacity retention rate of 80.0% after 200 cycles at 1 C, while the NCM811/Li battery assembled with the APNL@PP-1 separator exhibited a higher capacity retention rate (94.76%) after 50 cycles at 1 C. Both the performances of these two battery samples demonstrating the better cycling stability of APNL@PP separators.

基金项目：

浙江省自然科学基金项目（LD22E030006）

作者简介：

徐艳艳（1999-），女，浙江丽水人，硕士研究生，主要从事锂金属电池用隔膜材料研究

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