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维护性清洗的MBR膜复合污染机理及清洗优化

作者：汪海洋¹，王维红¹，楼强²，吴一平²

单位： 1. 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830052； 2. 新疆昆仑新水源河西水务有限责任公司，乌鲁木齐 830000

关键词： MBR工艺；膜污染；化学增强反冲洗(CEB)；膜通量

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.01.010

分类号： TQ028； X505

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026,46(1):96-105

摘要：

攻克膜污染是保障膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺长期稳定运行、降低能耗与运维成本的核心挑战，其中，在线维护性清洗（CEB）后膜污染的再生与演化机制尤为复杂。为揭示新疆某A2/O-MBR污水处理厂连续运行4年后膜污染的形成机理和优化当前工程清洗的策略，本研究采用扫描电镜、原位拉曼光谱仪、X-射线荧光光谱仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等对膜面污染机理进行了系统揭示并根据机理优化了清洗策略。研究结果表明：MBR膜无机与重金属污染物主要由Cd、Si、Al、As形成；有机污染的核心是一个由蛋白质、多糖和脂质构成凝胶网络，并以腐植酸类顽固芳香族化合物为稳定骨架的梯度复合有机层；CEB后膜表面残留的由蛋白质与腐植酸紧密交联构成的致密复合层是引发污染快速再生的根本原因；基于MBR膜复合污染交联网络机理提出“氧化为主、酸洗为辅、高频短时、按需触发”的精准清洗策略。小试优化方案有效减缓了膜污染进程，较原方案平均膜通量提升29.0%，对结垢元素展现出高效去除能力，实现了即时的通量提升与污染控制，为工程清洗的策略优化调整提供了理论依据和实践支撑。

Overcoming membrane fouling is central to ensuring the long-term, stable operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes while minimizing energy consumption and operational costs. The mechanisms governing fouling regeneration and evolution following online maintenance cleaning (CEB) are particularly complex. To elucidate the fouling mechanisms in an A2/O-MBR plant in Xinjiang after four years of operation and to optimize the engineering cleaning strategy, this study systematically characterized membrane foulants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in-situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results indicated that inorganic and heavy metal foulants primarily consisted of Cd, Si, Al and As. The organic fouling comprised a gradient composite layer with a gel network of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids stabilized by a recalcitrant aromatic framework of humic-like substances. A dense residual layer of cross-linked proteins and humic acids on the membrane surface post-CEB was identified as the root cause of rapid fouling recurrence. Based on the mechanism of this composite cross-linked fouling network, a precise cleaning strategy of “oxidation-dominated, acid-assisted, high-frequency short-duration and on-demand triggering” was proposed. The optimized bench-scale protocol effectively mitigated fouling, increasing the average membrane flux by 29.0% compared to the original， and demonstrating high removal efficiency for scaling elements. This enables immediate flux enhancement and fouling control, providing theoretical and practical support for optimizing full-scale cleaning strategies.

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基金项目：

新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室（ZDSYS-YJS-2024-08）

作者简介：

汪海洋（2001-），安徽六安人，主要研究方向为水处理与污水资源化利用

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