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纳滤膜性能评测方法标准化及其构效关系分析

作者：陈紫阳¹，肖诗雨¹，刘媛¹，戚富举¹，娄雨¹，鲁咏琪¹，张昊¹，刘国才²，李峰²，倪凯阔²，万印华¹，罗建泉¹

单位： 1. 生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190; 2. 河北源清环保科技有限公司，石家庄 051430

关键词：薄层复合膜；评测标准化；构效关系；孔径分布

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.01.011

分类号： TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026,46(1):106-119

摘要：

纳滤膜因其高效分离与低能耗优势，在特种分离领域应用广泛，但现有性能评测方法差异较大，导致数据一致性不足，且结构-性能关系机制仍不明确，限制了其优化设计与应用拓展。本研究建立了一套标准化的纳滤膜性能评测方法，并据此系统分析十三种商业薄层复合纳滤膜的结构特性与分离性能的关系。统一化的测试流程使性能数据具有更高的可比性，为深入探讨构效关系提供可靠基础。基于本研究测试的13种商业纳滤膜结果，发现切割分子量>300 Da 的膜孔径分布较宽，无机盐截留率差异大且抗污染性较差；切割分子量<200 Da 的膜孔径分布较窄，二价盐截留率接近，但高粗糙度会削弱抗污染性。高亲水性有助于提升渗透性和抗污染性，但可能会降低耐碱性和耐溶剂性。研究证实，孔径分布与交联度是决定分离性能的核心因素，而表面化学性质与粗糙度显著影响抗污染性与稳定性。本研究提出的标准化测试方法不仅为纳滤膜的可比性评价与优化设计提供了数据支撑，也为借助深度学习解析复杂构效关系奠定了基础。

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in specialized separations due to their high separation efficiency and low energy consumption. However, inconsistencies among existing performance evaluation methods have led to poor data comparability, and the mechanisms underlying structure-performance relationships remain unclear, hindering optimization and broader application. In this study, a standardized NF membrane performance evaluation protocol was established to systematically investigate the relationship between structural characteristics and separation performance for thirteen commercial thin-film composite NF membranes. The unified testing procedure ensured greater comparability of performance data, providing a reliable basis for in-depth exploration of structure-performance relationship. Based on the results for the thirteen membranes, those with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) above 300 Da exhibited broader pore size distributions, larger variations in inorganic salt rejection, and poorer antifouling properties; membranes with MWCOs below 200 Da showed narrower pore distributions and similar divalent salt rejections, but high surface roughness weakened antifouling resistance. High hydrophilicity enhanced permeability and antifouling performance but might compromise alkali and solvent resistance. The study demonstrated that pore size distribution and cross-linking degree were the key determinants of separation performance, while surface chemistry and roughness significantly influenced antifouling behavior and stability. The proposed standardized testing method not only provides a reliable data foundation for comparative evaluation and optimized design of NF membranes but also establishes a basis for applying deep learning to unravel complex structure-performance relationships.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金面上项目（22278406）

作者简介：

陈紫阳（2002-），男，安徽阜阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为AI驱动生物分离膜材料开发

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