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基于N2优先透过的N2/CH4气体分离膜研究进展

作者：魏玉昌，王金明，王志

单位：天津大学化工学院化学工程研究所，天津市膜科学与海水淡化技术重点实验室，化学工程与低碳技术全国重点实验室（天津大学），天津化学化工协同创新中心，天津 300350

关键词：非常规天然气；氮气；甲烷；分离膜

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.01.016

分类号： TQ028

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026,46(1):164-177

摘要：

随着非常规天然气资源的开发利用加速，脱氮提纯甲烷的需求日益迫切。相较于深冷分离与变压吸附等传统化工方法，气体分离膜技术具有能耗低、操作灵活等优势，被认为是实现天然气高效脱氮的重要技术路径。本文首先介绍了非常规天然气中脱氮与提纯甲烷的意义和常见方法，随后系统梳理了 N2/CH4 气体分离膜的研究进展，涵盖有机聚合物膜、无机膜（沸石分子筛膜、碳分子筛膜和二维层状膜）以及混合基质膜的结构特征、制备方法与代表性性能。最后总结了工业化应用仍面临的关键挑战，包括新型膜材料的开发、膜结构和性能稳定性的提升及装置集成优化，并进一步提出未来的发展方向，展望膜技术在 N2/CH4 分离领域的应用前景。

With the accelerated development and utilization of unconventional natural gas resources, the demand for nitrogen removal and methane purification is increasingly urgent. Compared with traditional chemical methods such as cryogenic separation and pressure swing adsorption, gas separation membrane technology has the advantages of low energy consumption, operational flexibility, and is considered an important technical pathway for efficient nitrogen removal from natural gas. This review firstly introduces the significance and common methods of nitrogen removal and methane purification for unconventional natural gas, and then systematically summarizes the research progress of N2/CH4 gas separation membranes based on N2-preferential permeation, covering the structural characteristics, fabrication methods and representative performances of polymer membranes, inorganic membranes (zeolite molecular sieve membranes, carbon molecular sieve membranes and two-dimensional layered membranes), as well as mixed matrix membranes. Finally, it highlights the key challenges that remain in industrial applications, including the development of new membrane materials, improvement of membrane structure and performance stability, optimization of module integration, and further proposes future development directions while outlining the application prospects of membrane technology in the field of N2/CH4 separation.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金重点项目(2193000314)

作者简介：

魏玉昌(2000-)，男，江西南昌人，硕士研究生，研究方向为气体分离膜.

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