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阴离子交换膜电解水氢气渗透行为研究

作者：兰新雨¹，²，赵雨桐¹，²，赵云¹，黄日扬¹，²，张翔宇¹，²，张睿¹，王昕³，俞红梅¹，邵志刚¹

单位： 1. 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连 116023； 2. 中国科学院大学，北京 101408； 3. 华电科工股份有限公司，北京 100160

关键词：电解水制氢；阴离子交换膜；氢气渗透；氧中氢；聚芳基膜； N-甲基奎宁基

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.02.016

分类号： TQ116.2；TQ028.8

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026,46(2):153-162

摘要：

聚芳基阴离子交换膜因其优异的化学稳定性和机械强度近年来发展迅速，但其氢气渗透行为仍缺乏系统评估。本研究选取了三种不同结构的聚芳基阴离子交换膜，系统研究了其在恒流电解条件下的氢气渗透特性。结果表明，该类膜表现出良好的氢气阻隔性能：随着电流密度增加，氧中氢含量逐渐降低，全程低于氢气爆炸下限（4%），并在电流密度超过0.3 A/cm2时进一步降至2%以下。以聚芳基奎宁基膜为例，进一步探究了运行时间和温度的影响，在60 ℃、1 A/cm2的电流密度下稳定运行150 h，氧中氢含量在1%~1.3%范围内波动。在电流密度低于1.5 A/cm2时，较低温度抑制离子迁移与气体扩散，氧中氢含量随温度升高而上升；而在更高电流密度下，由于氢气在电解液中的溶解度随温度升高而下降，氧中氢含量反而随温度升高而降低。

Polyarylene-based anion exchange membranes have developed rapidly in recent years owing to their outstanding chemical stability and mechanical strength. Nevertheless, their hydrogen crossover behavior still lacks systematic evaluation. In this study, three types of polyarylene-based anion exchange membranes with different structures were selected, and their hydrogen crossover characteristics under constant-current electrolysis were systematically investigated. The results indicated that this type of membrane exhibited favorable hydrogen barrier performance: the hydrogen crossover in oxygen gradually decreased with increasing current density, remaining below the lower explosive limit of hydrogen (4%) throughout the process, and further dropped to below 2% when the current density exceeded 0.3 A/cm2. Taking a poly(arylene-quinuclidinium) membrane as an example, the influences of operating time and temperature were further explored. Under stable operation for 150 h at 60 ℃ and a current density of 1 A/cm2, the hydrogen crossover in oxygen fluctuated within the range of 1%~1.3%. At current densities below 1.5 A/cm2, lower temperatures suppressed ion migration and gas diffusion, resulting in an increase in hydrogen crossover in oxygen with rising temperature. By contrast, at higher current densities, the hydrogen crossover in oxygen decreased with increasing temperature due to the reduced solubility of hydrogen in the electrolyte at elevated temperatures.

基金项目：

中国科学院A类先导专项课题（XDA0400301）；辽宁省重大项目（2024JH1/11700015）；兴辽英才计划项目（XLYC2203150）

作者简介：

兰新雨（2002-），男，重庆永川人，硕士研究生，研究方向为低氢渗透阴离子交换膜.

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