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用于膜蒸馏的PVAmCNT/PTFE中空纤维Janus膜的制备及表征

作者：刘忆，刘昕扬，蒋兰英， jaafar juhana

单位： 1. 中南大学冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083； 2. 国家重金属污染防治中心，长沙 410083； 3. 马来西亚理工大学化工和能源学院，新山 81310； 4. 马来西亚先进膜技术研究中心，新山 81310

关键词：碳纳米管；中空纤维Janus膜；膜蒸馏；脱盐；抗油污

DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2025.05.006

分类号：号： TQ028； X703.1

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2025,45(5):51-65

摘要：

通过真空抽滤在聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）疏水膜表面沉积羧基化多壁碳纳米管（mCNT）层，随后在其上进行聚乙烯醇（PVA）涂覆与戊二醛（GA）交联，制备了以PVA-mCNT复合材料为亲水层的中空纤维Janus膜。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测显示，PVA-mCNT复合涂层致密，厚度为70~80 μm，表面有微纳级粗糙结构；傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析验证了该层化学结构及交联的成功构建；接触角测试证实了其亲水性。直接接触式膜蒸馏（DCMD）处理3.5%(质量分数)NaCl盐水的运行结果表明，PVA-mCNT/PTFE复合膜平均通量为7.09 kg/(m2·h)，相比PVA/PTFE复合膜和PTFE基膜有一定程度升高；所有膜的初始脱盐率均>99.9%，但Janus膜的脱盐率在测试的后半程会降至低过PTFE基膜的脱盐率。处理含500 μL/L大豆油的NaCl盐水时，PTFE基膜的通量在第一天DCMD开始后的4 h接近零；PVA/PTFE膜和PVA-mCNT/PTFE膜的通量分别在第二天和第三天降至零。所有膜通量下降均伴随脱盐率下降。

Hollow fiber Janus membranes with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) composite material as hydrophilic layer was fabricated via deposition of mCNT on the surface of poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic membrane by vacuum filtration, followed with PVA coating and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. Regarding PVA-mCNT composite layer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that it was dense with a thickness of 70~80 μm and a rough outer surface; Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) proved its chemical structure and occurrence of crosslinking; and contact angle indicated its hydrophilicity. In direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) operation treating 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl aqueous solution, PVA-mCNT/PTFE membrane had a average flux of 7.09 kg/(m2·h), which was slightly higher than those of PVA/PTFE composite membrane and PTFE substrate. All the membranes had an original desalination rate higher than 99.9%; in the latter half of the test, however, desalination rate of Janus membranes were reduced to be lower than that of PTFE substrate. In DCMD treating saline containing 500 μL/L soybean oil, PTFE substrate lost its flux on the 1st day after 4 h. Whereas, for PVA/PTFE and PVA-mCNT/PTFE composite membranes, their flux reached zero on the 2nd and 3rd day, respectively. All the flux reduction were accompanied with deteriorating desalination rate.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金重点项目(52534005); 湖南省教育厅重点项目（22A0003）

作者简介：

刘忆（2000-），女，湖南常德人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为膜蒸馏

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